The Healthcare Compliance
Packaging Council

...improving patient outcomes with unit dose packaging


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HCPC Compliance Bibliography

Following is a list of materials identified by the HCPC regarding pharmaceutical compliance, unit dose packaging, and the role that packaging can play in increasing compliance.  

Visitors are encouraged to contact us if they are aware of additional resources that should be listed in this bibliography.

"Acetaminophen Pediatric Packaging Limitation," The Pink Sheet, August 1989.

American Association of Retired Persons, "Prescription Drugs: A Survey of Consumer Use, Attitudes and Behavior", Washington, D.C., 1984.

American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, "Technical Assistance Bulletin on Single Unit and Unit Dose Packages of Drugs," 1984.

Barker KN, McConnell WE. The problems of detecting medication errors in hospitals. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1962;19:361-369.

Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Laird N, Petersen LA, Small SD, Serbi D, et al. Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: Implications for prevention. JAMA. 1995;274:29-34.

Bates DW, Boyle DL, Vander Vliet MB, Schneider J, Leape L. Relationship between medication errors and adverse drug events. J Gen Intern Med. 1995;52:1179-1198.

Black HJ, Tester WW. Decentralized pharmacy operations utilizing the unit dose concept. 3. AM J Hosp Pharm. 1967;24:120-129.

Black HJ, Tester WW. The unit dose drug distribution system. J Iowa Med Soc. 1968;58:1174-1176.

"Challenge For The '80s: Preventive Pediatrics," American Academy of Pediatrics, November 1984.

Conner, D., Baker Cummins Pharmaceuticals, Erickson, G., "Drug Trends Point to Blisters," Packaging, June 1990.

Daschner, F.; Marget, W., "Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children," Acta Paediatr Scand, 64, 105 (1975).

Dean BS, Allan EL, Barber ND, Barker KN. Comparison of medication errors in an American and British hospital. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995;52:2543-2549.

Erickson, G., "Drug Trends Point To Blisters," Packaging, June 1990.

Erickson, G., "Blisters," Packaging, April 1989.

Facchinetti NJ, Campbell GM, Jones DP. Evaluating dispensing error detection rates in a hospital pharmacy. Med Care. 1999;37:39-43.

The Freedonia Group, Blister and Skin Packaging, Business Research Report B105, May 1989.

Godwin HN, Scott BE. Institutional patient care. In: Gennaro AR, editor. Remington: Science and practice of pharmacy. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000;57:1759-1775.

Greth PA, Tester WW, Black HJ. decentralized pharmacy operations utilizing the unit dose concept. II. Drug information services and utilization in a decentralized pharmacy substation. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1995;22:558-563.

Haynes, R.B., National Council on Patient Information and Education, Prescription Month, October 1989.

Hynniman CE, Conrad WF, Urch WA, Rudnick BR, Parker PF. A comparison of medication errors under the University of Kentucky unit dose system and traditional drug distribution systems in four hospitals. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1970;27:803-814.

Jacobson, B., "Accidental Ingestion of Oral Prescription Drugs: A Multicenter Survey," American Journal of Public Health, July 1989.

Klockner-Pentaplast of America, Inc., 1989.

Kuperberg, J.; Smith, D.; Vogt, E., "All in One: The User-Friendly RX Product," Pharmaceutical Executive, April 1990.

Larson, M., "Pharmaceuticals Face Challenge of Demographics," Packaging, December 1990.

Larson, M., "Drug Packages Hospitals Want," Packaging, January 1991.

Leape L, Bates DW, Cullen DJ, Cooper J, Demonaco HJ, gallivan T, et al. Systems analysis of adverse drug events. JAMA 1995;274:35-43.

Linkewich, J.A.; Catalano, R.B.; Flack, H.L.; "The Effect of Packaging and Instruction on Outpatient Compliance with Medication Regimens," Drug Intell Clin Pharm 8:10, 1974.

Means BJ, Derewicz HJ, Lamy PP. Medication errors in a multidose and computer-based unit dose drug distribution system. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1975;32:186-191.

Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Meydani, Mohsen; Blumburg, Jeffrey B.; Leka, Lynette S.; Siber, George; Loszewski, Robert;Thompson, Claudette; Pedrosa, Marcos C.; Diamond, Richard D.; Stollar, B. David; "Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial," Journal of the American Medical Association, May 7, 1997, v277, n17, p1380(7). 

Murray, Michael D.; Birt, J.A.; Manatunga, A.K.; Darnell, J.C.; "Medication compliance in
elderly outpatients using twice-daily dosing and unit-of-use packaging," Annals of  Pharmacotherapy, May 1993.

National Council on Patient Information and Education, Prescription Medicine Compliance: A Review of the Baseline of Knowledge, August 1995

National Council on Patient Information and Education, Topical Bibliography on Prescription Medicine Compliance, August 1995

Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Medication Regimens: Causes of Noncompliance, March 1990.

Oregon Department of Human Resources, "A study of Long-Term Care in Oregon with Emphasis on the Elderly," March 181.

"Patient Compliance," The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, Sept. 1993, Vol. 27, S5-S19.

"Reducing the Human and Economic Costs of Drug Therapy Complications," January 1998, research funded by Cardinal Health, Inc.

Read OK. Unit dose packaging of respiratory therapy solutions. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 1975;32:49-51.

Reitberg DP, Miller RJ, Bennes JF. Evaluation of two concurrent drug-delivery systems in a skilled-nursing facility. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1982;39:1316-1320.

Ringold DJ, Santell JP, Schneider PJ. ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in acute care settings: dispensing and administration--1999. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000;57:1759-1775.

Ringold DJ, Santell JP, Schneider PJ. ASHP national survey of hospital-based of pharmacy practice in acute care settings: prescribing and transcribing--1998. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999;56:142-157.


The Rose Sheet, January 21, 1985; 6(3): 5-6.

Rudd, P., "Medication packaging: Simple solutions to nonadherence problems?" Clin Pharm Ther 25:257, 1979.

Santell JP. ASHP national survey of hospital-based pharmaceutical services--1994. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995;52:1179-1198.

Schering Report IX, The Forgetful Patient: The High Cost of Improper Patient Compliance, 1987.

Schnell BR. A study of unit-dose drug distribution in four Canadian hospitals. Can J Hosp Pharm. 1976;29:85-90.

Schwartz, D. et al., "Medication Errors Made by Elderly Chronically Ill Patients," American Journal of Public Health 52, No. 12 (Dec. 1962): 2018-2019.

Shultz SM, White SJ, Latiolais CJ. Medication errors reduced by unit-dose. Hospitals. 1973;47:107-112.

Simborg, Donald W.; Derewicz, Henry J.; "A Highly Automated Hospital Meciation System: Five Years' Experience and Evaluation," Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol. 83 (3);  Sept. 1975; pps. 342-346.

Slater WE, Hripko JR. The unit-dose system in a private hospital. I. Implementation. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1968;25:408-417. 

Slater WE, Hripko JR. The unit-dose system in a private hospital. II Evaluation. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1968;25:641-648.

A study of patient care involving a unit dose system. Final report: University of Iowa; 1966. U.S.P.H.S. Grant # HM-00328-01.

Smith, D., "Compliance Packaging: A Patient Education Tool," American Pharmacy, Vol. NS29, No. 2, February 1989, p. 127.

Smith, M., "The Cost of Non-Compliance and the Capacity of Improved Health Care Costs," N&I Pharmaceutical Council; Improving Medication Compliance; Proceedings of a Symposium, 1984.

Strandberg, L.R., "Drugs as a Reason for Nursing Home Admission," American Health Care Association Journal, No. 10, 20 (1984).

Task Force for Compliance, Noncompliance with Medications: An Economic Tragedy with Important Implications for Health Care Reform, November 1993, Revised 1994

Taxis K, Dean B, Barber N. Hospital drug distribution systems in the UK and Germany- a study of medication errors. Pharm World Sci. 1998;21:25-31.

Tissot E, Cornette C, Demoly P, Jacquet M, Barale F, Capellier G. Medication errors at the administration stage in an intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med. 1999;25:353-359.

United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, "Editor's Fact Sheet," Information Kit for National Poison Prevention Week, March 1991.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Public Health Reports: Public Health Report 1983; 98:52, January/February 1983.

Wandless, I.; Davie, J.W.; "Can drug compliance in the elderly be improved?", British Medical Journal, Feb. 5, 1997; 1(6057): 359-361. 


Ware, G. J.; Holford, N.H.; Davison, J.G.; Harris, R.G.; "Unit dose calendar packaging and elderly patient compliance," New Zealand Journal of Medicine, Nov. 24, 1997; 104 (924): 495-497.

Wiseman, H. et al., Accidental Poisonings in Childhood: A Multicenter Survey, Human Toxicology, 1987.
 
Wong, B.; Norman, D.C., "Evaluation of a Novel Medication Aid, the Calendar Blister-Pak, and its Effect on Drug Compliance in a Geriatric Outpatient Clinic," Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, January 1987-Vol. 35, No. 1.